{"id":13468,"date":"2024-05-16T11:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T09:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev-multi.museemrjmoi.com\/musee\/2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T10:53:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T08:53:06","slug":"2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance","status":"publish","type":"musee","link":"https:\/\/dev-multi.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/musee\/armed-resistance\/2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"2 – Armed resistance, civil resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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As Hitler’s threats mounted, the USSR and theCommunist International<\/a> changed their line. By April 1941, the conflict was no longer presented as an imperialist war<\/a>, with France and Great Britain pitted against their common enemy, Nazi Germany. <\/p>\n

In France, following Germany’s invasion of the USSR, the Communists resumed their frontal struggle against fascism<\/a>. Initially, they had favored the anti-P\u00e9tainist struggle, but from then on, they increasingly denounced Nazi fascism. <\/p>\n

The French economy was handed over to the occupying forces by Vichy<\/a>. The country, faced with supply difficulties, became increasingly critical of the government. <\/p>\n

In June 1941, with the help of the French police, the Germans arrested “communist agitators”: around 1,300 people were sent to internment camps<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Communists gradually affirmed their priority: armed resistance<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Many immigrant Jews were among the first to join the Party’s Special Organization<\/a> (SO) groups, created in October 1940. OS fighters engaged in dangerous attacks and sabotage (particularly on railway installations) against occupying troops. <\/p>\n

On July 1, a German freight train derailed at Noisy-le-Grand after Jewish resistance members of the OS had taken action.<\/p>\n

Other Jews, members of the Communist Youth<\/a>, soon became involved in the Youth Battalions<\/a> created in July-August 1941 after the break-up of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact.<\/p>\n

The sabotage and armed struggle were accompanied by equally dangerous civil resistance<\/a> actions: chalk inscriptions on walls hostile to Vichy and the occupiers, provision of hideouts or false papers, collection of money, distribution of newspapers or leaflets<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Leaflets fulfilled a number of functions: demonstrating the existence and determination of the Resistance, informing, recruiting, training new fighters and maintaining fighting spirit.<\/p>\n

Official information was in the hands of the occupying forces and the Petainists<\/a>, and the Germans sought to muzzle any voices opposed to Hitler’s policies.<\/p>\n

From then on, the Jewish underground press proved to be of vital importance. The newspapers Unzer Wort<\/em> and Notre Voix<\/em> or Notre Parole<\/em> continued to appear until the Liberation. <\/p>\n

The safety instructions they regularly remind us of are sometimes difficult for young activists to adhere to strictly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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